tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-25362087659614562092024-02-20T20:02:03.328-08:00Hamza Farooq's Thinking StationAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09557086693974488628noreply@blogger.comBlogger9125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2536208765961456209.post-36651328961479754792016-12-21T10:09:00.001-08:002016-12-31T10:13:51.512-08:00<div style="text-align: center;">
<u><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Winter Vacation HomeWork</span></u></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><u>subject :</u> Islamiat</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><u>Date</u>: 21 december 2015</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><u>Task:</u> Search about one of the four rightly guided Khalifas . Analyze his tenure of Khalifat. explore his contributions for Islam. Make a mind map ,mini-booklits or write a blog. Do add relevant pictures. You can take help from your Islamiat book or "The Sealed Nacter / Al Rahiqil Makhtoom. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">The Four Rightly Guided Khalifas:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">The Khalifas who truly followed the path of Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) are called Rightly Guided Khalifas. they are the first four Khalifas of Islam:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Hazrat Abu Bakr </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Hazrat Umar </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Hzrat Usman</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Hazrat Ali</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><u><b>Hazrat Abu Bakr (632- 634 A.D)</b></u></span><br />
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<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Hazrat Abu Bakr was born in a noble and respectable Quraish family of Makkah.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">His father name was Usman, surnamed Abu Qahafa </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">His mother name was Salma, surnamed Umm-ul-Khair.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Hazrat Abu bakr, whose real name was Abdullah,one of the closest friend of Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Before accepting Islam, he led a pious life.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">After the Holy Prophet had received his first revelation he thought of approaching those closest to him so he told Abu Bakr the whole story of his experience.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;">Hazrat Abu Bakr quickly respond to his call and embrace Islam</span></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;">He was first free male adult and the first person of the outside family of the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) to become a Muslim.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">The Qur’an describes his acceptance as: ‘’and he who comes with the truth and he who confirms it.....such are the people who do right’’ (39:33). </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">He was the first person to testify to the Messenger’s event of Miraj (Prophet’s ascension to the heavens) and was given the title of ‘’Al Siddique’’ due to his immediate belief of the journey.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">After accepting Islam he devoted his life and wealth to preaching Islam. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Abu Bakr’s acceptance proved to be a milestone in the prophet’s mission.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> Prominent companions like Usman, Talha and Zubair are said to have been persuaded by him to accept Islam. </span></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">He bought and freed a lot of slaves, Bilal being one of the prominent one.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">When the Holy Prophet started preaching openly he faced fierce opposition. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">During all such hardships Abu Bakr stood by his side.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> The first public address of inviting people to offer allegiance to the Prophet’s message was delivered by Abu Bakr.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> At this the youth of Quraish beat Abu Bakr till he fainted. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">In 620AD when the Prophet’s wife died, Abu Bakr’s daughter Ayesha was engaged to the Prophet whom he married after his migration to Medina.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">In 622AD on the invitation from the Muslims of Medina, the Prophet ordered Muslims to migrate. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">The migration took place in batches and the Prophet was the last one to leave accompanied by Abu Bakr. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Both remained in the cave of Saur for three days to hide from the Makkans who wanted to kill the Prophet and his companion. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">This event is mentioned in the Qur’an: ‘’he being the second of the two when they were in the cave’’ (9:40).</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">At Medina Abu Bakr continued his services to Islam.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> He paid for the piece of land selected by the Holy Prophet for the mosque of the Prophet (Masjid-e-Nabvi).</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> He rendered valuable services in all the battles.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> In the battle of Badr, he was in charge of the right wing of the troops and fought against his own son Abdur Rahman.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> In the battle of Uhad, he negated the rumour of the Prophet’s death and acted as a shield to save him.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> In the battle of Hunaian, he remained firm and reorganised the scattered troops that had started running away.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> When the Holy Prophet began to raise funds for the Tabuk expedition, Abu Bakr placed all his wealth at the disposal of the Holy Prophet. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">He was present at the time of the treaty of Hudaibiya and was one of the signatories. He was also one of the ten blessed companions who were given tidings of heaven during their lifetime.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> He was appointed the first Ameer-e-Hajj (the chief guide of pilgrimage). Abu Bakr led the daily prayers during the last days of the Holy Prophet’s illness.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Finally it was Abu Bakr who normalised the critical situation arising out of the death of the Holy Prophet, as nobody was ready to believe this including Umar. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Abu Bakr on this occasion recited these verses: ‘’Mohammad is no more than a messenger: many messengers that were before him passed away, if he died or were slain will you then turn back on your heels?’’ (3:144). </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Nobody led the funeral prayers of the Holy Prophet, Abu Bakr and Umar were the first of worshippers. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">He was unanimously elected the first Caliph of Islam. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Abu Bakr continued to perform meritorious services for Islam even after the death of the Holy Prophet.</span></li>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: white; text-align: left;"></span><span style="text-align: left;"><br /><b><i><u>SHORT ACCOUNT OF ABU BAKR’S LIFE: (NOV 2004 PAPER 2)</u></i></b></span><br style="text-align: left;" /><span style="text-align: left;"><i><u><b><br />PROBLEMS FACED BY ABU BAKR WITHIN ARABIA:</b></u></i></span><br style="text-align: left;" /><span style="text-align: left;"><i><u><b><br />REFUSAL TO PAY ZAKAT:</b></u></i></span></span>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">After the demise of the Holy Prophet many surrounding tribes of Medina which had offered allegiance to Islam, sent a deputation to Abu Bakr with the proposal that their agreement with the Muslims had ended. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">A fresh agreement was necessary in which they should be relieved from the obligation to pay Zakat. Abu Bakr argued that Zakat was a fundamental injunction of Islam and had to be paid.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> Seeing their proposal being rejected these tribes decided to forego Islam. Their decision was to attack Medina when the main Muslim army was in Syria. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">They attacked at night but found Abu Bakr with his army ready to fight. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">The apostates were defeated; many tribesmen died while others fled in confusion.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> After this battle many tribes sent their delegates to Medina, offered allegiance and paid Zakat.</span></li>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: white; text-align: left;"></span><span style="text-align: left;"><br /><b><i><u>APOSTASY MOVEMENT:</u></i></b></span><br style="text-align: left;" /><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: white; text-align: left;"></span></span><ol>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">After the Prophet’s death, some of the people rose in revolt against the authorities in Medina and renounced Islam.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> Abu Bakr, without any delay, launched an expedition against this movement. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">After collecting the troops at Medina, he divided them into eleven battalions each with an experienced commander, and sent them in eleven different directions to crush these revolts.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">He instructed each commander to first invite these tribes to Islam. If any refused to comply they were to be attacked. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Some of the tribes accepted Islam but the others were stubborn and were dealt with harshly.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> All campaigns were successful and Abu Bakr was able to re-establish control of Islam throughout the Peninsula.</span></li>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: white; text-align: left;"></span><span style="text-align: left;"><br /><b><i><u>FALSE PROPHETS:</u></i></b></span><br style="text-align: left;" /><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: white; text-align: left;"></span></span><ol>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">In the last days of the Prophet’s life some misguided people arose to claim prophet hood. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">When Abu Bakr was elected as the Caliph they started their preaching openly.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> Among these false prophets were Tulaiha, Aswad Ansi, Musailamah and Sajjah. Tulaiha belonged to the Banu Asad tribe in the northern Arabia.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> An army under Khalid bin Walid was sent which met them at Buzaka. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">After a fierce battle Tulaiha’s army surrendered and he himself fled to Syria. He embraced Islam during the time of the second Caliph.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Aswad Ansi belonged to the Ansi tribe in Yemen. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">He was an ugly man who kept his face veiled all the time.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> He was nicknamed ‘’the veiled prophet’’.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> Being leader of his tribe he revolted with the cooperation of the neighbouring chiefs. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">He was the first false prophet who collected a large army in open revolt against Islam. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">He was defeated and killed by the Muslims.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">The most dangerous of the false prophets was Musalima. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">He belonged to a tribe of central Arabia.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> His tribe accepted him as a prophet. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Abu Bakr sent Shurbhil and Ikramah to crush the rebellion; later Khalid bin Walid joined them. Musalima,s army was defeated after a fierce battle at Yamamah in 633AD.Musalimah was killed.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> In this battle about 800 Muslims were martyred. Amongst them were 360 Huffaz (memorizers of the Holy Qur’an).</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Sajjah was a woman who belonged to the Bani Tamim tribe. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">She claimed to be a prophetess and succeeded in mustering a large following. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">When Musalimah heard about her claim he invited her to Yamamah. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">They decided to join forces and later Musailma married her which ended her adventure of prophet hood and she lived in obscurity for the rest of her life. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">When the Muslims conquered Iraq she entered the circle of Islam along with her tribe.</span></li>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: white; text-align: left;"></span><span style="text-align: left;"><br /><b> <i><u>COMPILATION OF THE QUR’AN:</u></i></b></span><br style="text-align: left;" /><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: white; text-align: left;"></span></span><ol>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">In the battle of Yamamah several Huffaz laid down their lives.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> Hazrat Umar approached Hazrat Abu Bakr about the compilation of the Holy Qur’ran. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">He was of the opinion that soon the preservation of the Qur’an will become a major problem owing to the deaths of the Huffaz. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Abu Bakr did not agree in the beginning but was later convinced by Umar and he ordered the compilation of the Holy Book under the supervision of Zaid bin Sabit.</span></li>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: white; text-align: left;"></span><span style="text-align: left;"><br /><b><i><u>3) (a) Trace the major stages in the compilation of the Qur’an in the time of the Rightly Guided Caliphs.</u></i></b></span><br style="text-align: left;" /><b style="text-align: left;"><i><u> (b) Why did these Caliphs think it was important to make a compilation of the Qur’an? </u></i></b><br style="text-align: left;" /><span style="text-align: left;"><i><u><b>ANS 3(a):</b> </u></i></span><br style="text-align: left;" /><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span></span><ol>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">At the time of the Prophet’s death no official copy of the Qur’an existed in a complete written form.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> During the caliphate of Abu Bakr some people declared themselves to be prophets. Among them was Musalima. Abu Bakr waged a war against him and around 360 companions laid down their lives in that battle, known as the battle of Yamamah. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">70 of them had committed the Holy Qur’an to memory. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Hazrat Umar realized that these ‘’oral copies’’ of the Qur’an would gradually diminish because of natural death or martyrdom in future battles.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> He suggested to Abu Bakr that the Qur’an should be compiled for the future generations or else it would meet the same fate as the previous scriptures. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Hazrat Abu Bakr, however, hesitated and said that how could he do something that the Holy Prophet did not do. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Hazrat Umar argued that under the circumstances this was an absolute necessity. According to Hazrat Abu Bakr, ‘’Umar went on persuading me to accept his suggestion till I was convinced that he was right so I accepted his suggestion.’’</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Abu Bakr directed Zaid bin Sabit, one of the scribes of the Qur’an, to collect the Quranic verses from every part of the Islamic empire and compile them in a book form.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> A commission was appointed and headed by Zaid bin Sabit and its members were a number of companions. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Zaid collected the chapters of the Qur’an from every person who had it in their possession. He collected it from palm leaves, stones, and pieces of wood and people who had memorized it. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">He not only collected it, but also verified it from people who had heard it from the Holy Prophet. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Though he himself was a Hafiz of the Qur’an, he always tried to find a verse in writing before including it in his manuscript. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Zaid is reported to have said that he felt it would be far easier to carry a mountain on his head than to shoulder such a great responsibility.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">The script prepared by Zaid remained with the first Caliph and after his death was transferred to Hazrat Umar, the second Caliph. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">After Hazrat Umar’s death it was transferred to Hazrat Hafsa, a widow of the Holy Prophet and Umar’s daughter. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">This copy of the Qur’an came to be known as Musaf al-Hafsa i.e. Hafsa’s copy of the Holy Book.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">By the time of Usman’s Caliphate the Islamic state had expanded well beyond Arabia. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">The new converts of these areas recited the Qur’an in their own dialects. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Disputes rose among these people and some of them insisted that their style of recitation was correct and the others were not. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">One of the companions of the Prophet approached the Caliph and told him about the possible danger of the division of the Ummah. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Usman took immediate action and he declared that the Muslims should unite on a uniform way of recitation. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">He got the copy of the Qur’an from Hazrat Hafsa and gave it to a team of four companions which was headed by Zaid bin Sabit. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">It was decided that one standard version of the Qur’an would be written in the dialect of the tribe of the Quraish. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">The Holy prophet was from the Quraish, the Quran had been revealed in that dialect, and it was felt that this was the right dialect for the recitation of the Qur’an. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">This team made several copies from the original text and made sure the surahs, too, were arranged in order. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">The Qur’an was read out loudly from the beginning to the end in the Prophet’s mosque from these copies, so that not a shadow of doubt remained in anyone’s mind that changes had been introduced in the text. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">These copies were sent to the capital city of every province of the Muslim states with a teacher to teach how to recite the Qur’an properly and correctly. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Instructions were also given that in the future, copies should be made only from the official text and that if anyone had a copy with a different text, it should be burnt.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> Hazrat Usman is known as the Jami-al-Quran which means that he brought the Muslims around to a uniform reading of the Quran. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">The Quran that is being read today is the same as in the time of Abu Bakr. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Nothing has been added or deleted from it and the arrangement of the chapters and verses are in the same order as proclaimed by the Holy Prophet, in accordance with Divine instructions.</span></li>
</ol>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: white; text-align: left;"></span><span style="text-align: left;"><br /><b><i><u>ANS 3(b): The two Caliphs performed remarkable services to Islam by compiling the Holy Quran. </u></i></b></span><br style="text-align: left;" /><span style="text-align: left;"><b><i><u><br /></u></i></b></span></span><ol>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Both were driven by different circumstances. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Abu Bakr, being a staunch follower of the Prophet, was reluctant to compile the Quran but on Umar’s insistence, was convinced of doing so. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">He realized if the memorizers of the Quran were either killed or died naturally with the passage of time, a situation of confusion might arise throughout the Muslim world regarding the exact number of verses and surahs of the Quran. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">If the future generations of the Muslims had no single copy of the Quran, they might be misled as the Quran is the basis of all thought and action for the Muslims.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Usman, likewise, faced another challenging situation. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Several newly converted Muslims in non-Arab territories began to argue about the ways of recitation of the Quran. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">There was a danger of the growth of sects amongst Muslims regarding the way of recitation because every group insisted that their dialect was the correct one and the others were wrong. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">This meant that various groups might oppose each other and disunity amongst Muslims might threaten their fraternity. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">So Usman took a wise, timely action by compiling and standardising the Holy Book and burning all the copies which did not match the official and approved text.</span></li>
</ol>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: white; text-align: left;"></span><span style="text-align: left;"><br /><br /><b><i><u>SAVIOUR OF ISLAM:</u></i></b></span><br style="text-align: left;" /><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span></span><ol>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Abu Bakr is rightly called the saviour of Islam because of the vital services rendered by him. Soon after the Prophet’s death, he was the one to calm down the shocked Muslim community. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Most of the companions including Umar were not ready to believe in the Prophet’s death. Abu Bakr on this occasion, delivered a convincing speech told all about the mortality of Mohammad by reciting: ‘’Mohammad is no more than a messenger: many messengers that were before him passed away, if he died or were slain will you then turn back on your heels?’’ (3:144).</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Later as a Caliph he suppressed the apostasy movement and thus preserved the fundamentals of Islam. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">False prophets challenged the second component of Shahada—‘’Mohammad is the final Messenger of God.’’ He defeated the false prophets and thus kept the unity of Islam.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> He fought and won against the tribes refusing to pay Zakat. By eradicating both, Abu Bakr defended the basic principles of Islam.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Finally by compiling the Qur’an, Abu Bakr ensured the unity of the Muslim community that depended on the Qur’an.</span></li>
</ol>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: white; text-align: left;"></span><span style="text-align: left;"><br /><b><i><u>ELECTION:</u></i></b></span></span><ol>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Prophet did not nominate a successor.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">After his death there was an argument between the ansar and mahajireen.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Both wanted that the caliph should be from their group.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">A suggestion was given that there should be two caliphs, one from each group.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Abu Bakr reminded them that the prophet instructed that the leader should be from the Quraish tribe.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> He suggested the names of Ubu Ubaidah bin Jarrah and Umar bin Khataab.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">But Umar took Abu Bakr’s hand and pledged his loyalty to him.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">On seeing this everyone did the same.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">He was unanimously elected the first Caliph.</span></li>
</ol>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="text-align: left;"><br /><br /><b><i><u>WHY HE WAS CALLED AL-SIDDIQUE:</u></i></b></span></span><ol>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">First free male to accept Islam.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Believed in the ‘’miraj’’ (Prophets ascension to the heavens)</span></li>
</ol>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="text-align: left;"><u><i><b>ADMINISTRATION:</b></i></u></span></span><ol>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Laid the foundation of a truly democratic state.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Always took advice from the great companions of the Prophet in all important matters.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Divided the state into provinces, each had a governor.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> The governor was responsible for military and administrative affairs.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Governer had an ‘’amil’’ to collect taxes and ‘’qazi’’ to administer justice.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">All commanders and governors were selected on merit.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">He offered himself and his officers for strict accountability.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">He built a ‘’bait-ul-maal’’ (treasury) to collect revenue.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Established military cantonments and maintained a reserve force.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> Expanded the Muslim Empire to Iran Syria and Rome.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> Ensured the safety of non-Muslim subjects and allowed them to perform their religious duties.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">His annual income was 6000 Dirhams which he returned to the state by issuing instructions to sell a piece of land he owned when he was on his death bed.</span></li>
</ol>
<li> <u><b> <span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Hazrat Umar:</span></b></u></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Hazrat Umar , son of Khattab , was born twelve or </span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">thirteen year after the birth of the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H)</span></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Hazrat Umar and Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) had a common ancestor.</span></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Hazrat Umar belong to the Banu Adi clan of Quraish.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">His father Al-Khatab was an influential leader of Makkah. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Umar was tall, well built, a fierce fighter and well educated. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">He was elected the spokesperson of Quraish.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">He remained a bitter enemy of Islam and the Holy Prophet before his conversion. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">He treated the early converts of low origin quite mercilessly and according to a tradition the Holy Prophet had prayed to God for the conversion of Umar bin Khattab or Amr bin Hisham (Abu Jahal).</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> The prayer was soon granted. Umar one day decided to kill the Holy Prophet and with that intention started towards his house with a sword. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">On the way, he was informed that his sister and her husband had embraced Islam. Infuriated, Umar changed his course and went to his sister’s house who was reading the Holy Qur’an loudly. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">This enraged Umar so much that he attacked her and her husband.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> On Umar’s insistence his sister recited some verses from Surah Taha. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">The words of the Holy Qur’an softened his heart and tears began to fall from his eyes and he immediately decided to embrace Islam. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">He approached the Holy Prophet and embraced Islam.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> This was a great occasion as the morale of the Muslims boosted so much that now they started offering prayers openly in the Kaabah after Umar took the bold step of entering the Kaabah with a small band of Muslims.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> The Holy Prophet was so pleased on hearing this that he gave him the title of ‘’Farooq’’ (one who distinguishes between truth and falsehood).</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">He started preaching Islam openly and boldly. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">He is counted amongst the 10 blessed companions and is also a scribe of the Divine revelation. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">His daughter Hafsa was married to the Holy Prophet. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">He also migrated to Medina shortly after Ammar and Bilal had departed. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">It was Umar who gave the suggestion of summoning the believers for Daily prayers by Adhaan(call for prayer). </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">He also rendered remarkable services in all the battles including Badr, Uhad, Trench, Khyber and Hunain. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">He was also present at the treaty of Hudaibiya and took part in Bait-e-Rizwan. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">He participated in the victorious march to Makkah.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> In the Tabuk expedition he donated half of his wealth and in the battle of Hunain, he was among those handfuls of Muslims who stood firmly by the side of the Holy Prophet.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Umar was not ready to believe in the death of the Holy Prophet till Abu Bakr called him down by reciting the verse (3:144). </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Soon after, he started making arrangements for the Holy Prophet’s burial together with Abu Bakr. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">In the meantime they heard of an Ansar meeting to discuss the issue of succession. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Both reached the spot and finally, due to Umar’s wisdom and timely intervention, Abu Bakr got elected as the first Caliph of Islam.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> Umar himself performed extra ordinary services for Islam during his Caliphate (634-644 AD).</span></li>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: white; text-align: left;"></span><span style="text-align: left;"><br /><b><i><u>EXPANSION OF THE ISLAMIC EMPIRE:</u></i></b></span><br style="text-align: left;" /><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: white; text-align: left;"></span></span><ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Fighting with the Persian Empire had begun during the rule of the previous Caliph. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Muslim forces defeated the Persian in Namaraq in October 634 AD and crossed the Euphrates. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">The Persian supreme command then sent a huge force under Bahman.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> The two armies fought a fierce battle, the Battle of Bridge.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> Here the Muslims suffered heavy losses including their commander Abu Ubaid bin Zaid.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">The Muslims regrouped under Mutanna, in November 634 AD defeated the Persian army led by Mehran in the Battle of Buwaib. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Commanding an army of 20,000 troops, Saad bin Abi Waqas met the Persian 120,000 army led by Rustam at Qadisiya.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> The Battle of Qadisiya thus began in 635 AD. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">A fierce battle was fought resulting in Rustam’s death.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> Now Saad and his army advanced to the Persian capital Al-Madain.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> He laid a siege for several days and the king Yazdigard escaped to north while the Muslims captured Al-Madain. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">The king was finally defeated at Jalula.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">In the meantime the Persians, Romans and Christian Arab tribes combined their forces in upper Iraq near Tekrit.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> Saad dispatched an army that defeated the joint forces.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> Saad, on Umar’s advice, founded the new cities Kufa and Basra near Madain for the Muslim armies and their families.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> Umar completed the final capture and subjugation of Persia in the Battle of Nihawand in 642 AD, marking the end of the Sassanid Dynasty in Persia.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">In Syria the Muslim forces were advancing rapidly when Umar became the Caliph. Khalid bin Waleed added Damacus, Jordan and Emmessa, one after another to the Muslim Empire. After the loss of these important cities the Roman Emperor sent an army of 260,000 men against the Muslims.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> This force too was defeated in 635 AD in the Battle of Yarmouk under the leadership of Abu Ubaidah bin Jarrah.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> Many other important Syrian towns were also captured leaving only Jerusalam and its surrounding towns.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> Finally Jerusalem was also taken in a peaceful manner on the request of Patriarch Sophronius</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> He requested that the ‘king’ of Muslims should himself come and receive the keys of the city.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> Umar himself met Sophronius and signed a peace treaty under which full religious freedom was given to the citizens of Jerusalem on the condition of paying Jizya.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> Sanctity of the Church of Resurrection and other churches was also guaranteed.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Finally Egypt was also conquered in 640 AD by Amr bin Al-Aas who had to persuade Umar with great difficulty.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> Amr bin Al-Aas argued that Egypt could be used by the Romans as the naval base to launch operations against the Muslims.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> By April 641 AD Babylon was also captured and the new city of Fustat was founded in 642 AD on the eastern bank of the Nile.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> Umar appointed able and efficient governors in all these conquered territories.</span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: white; text-align: left;"></span><span style="text-align: left;"><br /><b><i><u>ADMINISTRATION:</u></i></b></span><br style="text-align: left;" /><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: white; text-align: left;"></span></span><ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Hazrat Umar framed the constitution of the State on the basis of democracy.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> He established a Majlis-e-Shoora consisting of prominent companions of the Holy Prophet from both Muhajirin and Ansaar.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> The Muslim Empire had grown tremendously in size and therefore it was inevitable (unavoidable) to divide it further into a greater number of provinces.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> Each province was governed by a governor or Wali who held the executive authority.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> The Wali was assisted by a number of officers e.g. the Treasury Officer, the Revenue Collector, the Vigilance Officer and the Judge (Qazi).</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> Each province was divided into districts which were administered by Amils.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> All appointments were made in consultation with the Majlis-e-Shoora.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> All the officers were summoned to Makkah on the occasion of Hajj to be answerable to the Caliph.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> They were paid handsome salaries to make them incorruptible.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> The Caliph himself was the central authority with the headship of religious and non-religious departments but he would always consult the Shoora in all important matters.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> In order to uphold Islamic morals and maintain law and order, Umar set up a department of police (shurta).</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Umar reorganized the ‘bait-al-maal’ or public treasury, which was soon full to the brims with the funds from various sources.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> These sources were: Zakat, Jizya, Kharaj (land tax), Ushr (special land tax), the goods left out by the retreating armies of the enemy and a tax paid by non-Muslim traders.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> Special care was taken to distribute the funds among the poor and the disabled. Umar established a special department, the Diwan or the Register of Pensions.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> It was aimed at disbursement of the public funds among the Muslim tribes.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> It was based on certain principles, for example, the whole Ummah had a share in the public funds.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> Secondly, each Muslim had a share according to his/her relationship with the Prophet, priority in accepting Islam and services to Islam.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> Huge spending were made in the construction of mosques, schools, office buildings, canals, rest houses and expansion of the Haram and the mosque of the Prophet.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> Umar founded some new cities like Basrah and Kufa in Iraq and Fustat and Jizah in Egypt. Umar also introduced the Hijrah calendar. This makes a long list of the reforms and development projects introduced by Umar.</span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: white; text-align: left;"></span><span style="text-align: left;"><br /><b><i><u>MAIN ACTIVITIES DURING HIS CALIPHATE:</u></i></b></span><br style="text-align: left;" /><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: white; text-align: left;"></span></span><ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Umar succeeded Abu Bakr as the second Caliph in 634/13AH and continued the mission of the first Caliph till his martyrdom in 644/23AH.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> Abu Bakr himself nominated him as his successor.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> His Caliphate is noted by internal consolidation (combine things into one large unit) of the Muslim empire accompanied by the expansion of Islamic rule by conquering the lands under the Persian and Byzantine Empires which included Iraq, Persia, Jerusalem and Egypt. His rule was surely the golden period in Muslim history after the death of the Holy Prophet.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">The conquest of Persia had been started during Abu Bakr’s Caliphate by the Muslim forces and finally Persia was totally defeated in 643 AD.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">As for conquests in Syria, the Muslim forces were advancing rapidly in Syria when Umar became Caliph.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> Khalid bin Waleed laid siege to Damascus till September 635AD and finally entered the city as victor and signed a peace treaty. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">After this Abu Ubaidah replaced Khalid as the chief commander of the Muslim army and recaptured Damascus decisively in September 636. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Other important towns in Syria on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea were also captured. Only Jerusalem, Ramallah and Caesarea continued to resist. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Finally Jerusalem was also taken in a peaceful manner on the request of Patriarch Sophronius. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Umar himself met Sophronius and signed a peace treaty under which full religious freedom was given to the citizens of Jerusalem on the condition of paying Jizya. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Sanctity of the Church of Resurrection and other churches was also guaranteed.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> Towards the end of 639AD, Amr bin Aas, with the permission of the Khalifa set from Jerusalem for Egypt.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> Egypt was conquered by his strategic planning.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> By April 641AD Babylon was also captured. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Umar appointed able and efficient governors in all these conquered territories under his wonderful administrative system.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Hazrat Umar framed the constitution of the State on the basis of democracy.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> He established a Majlis-e-Shoora consisting of prominent companions of the Holy Prophet from both Muhajirin and Ansaar.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> The Muslim Empire had grown tremendously in size and therefore it was inevitable (unavoidable) to divide it further into a greater number of provinces.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> Each province was governed by a governor or Wali who held the executive authority. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">The Wali was assisted by a number of officers e.g. the Treasury Officer, the Revenue Collector, the Vigilance Officer and the Judge (Qazi). </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Each province was divided into districts which were administered by Amils.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> All appointments were made in consultation with the Majlis-e-Shoora.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> All the officers were summoned to Makkah on the occasion of Hajj to be answerable to the Caliph.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> They were paid handsome salaries to make them incorruptible.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> The Caliph himself was the central authority with the headship of religious and non-religious departments but he would always consult the Shoora in all important matters.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> In order to uphold Islamic morals and maintain law and order, Umar set up a department of police (shurta).</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Umar reorganized the ‘bait-al-maal’ or public treasury, which was soon full to the brims with the funds from various sources.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> These sources were: Zakat, Jizya, Kharaj (land tax), Ushr (special land tax), the goods left out by the retreating armies of the enemy and a tax paid by non-Muslim traders. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Special care was taken to distribute funds among the poor and the disabled. Umar established a special department, the Diwan or the Register of Pensions.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> It was aimed at disbursement of the public funds among the Muslim tribes.</span></li>
</ul>
<span style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Hazrat Umar</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: medium;"> (634-644A.D)</span></span></ol>
<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><b>Nomination as Khalifa</b></span></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Hazrat Umar was the became second Khalifa of Islam after the death of Hazrat Abu Bakr in accordance with his will.</span></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">All the eminents companions of Holy Prophet(P.B.U.H) pledged allegiance to him. </span></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">On assuming the Khalifat, he came to be known as Ameer-ul-Monieen.</span></li>
<li style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><b>War With The Persian</b></span></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">There were several causes that brought the Muslim into conflict with the Persian and ultimately led them to the conquest of Persia..</span></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">When the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) sent an envoy to the court of Persia,the King, Khusro Parvez, insulted the envoy to the and thus brought about the displeasure of the Muslims.</span></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">The Ammity of the Persians was further revealed in the rebellion of Baharian when they helped the enemy of the Muslims.</span></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Thus, the Persian proved dangerous to the state and the Muslims had to remain curious about their intentions.</span></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Geographically,Iraq, a province of the then Persian Empire, formed a natural part of Arbia.</span></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Iraq is a land of immense wealth due to flow of Euohrates and Tigris through it.</span></li>
</ol>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Battle of Namarraq</span> <ol>
</ol>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">
</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09557086693974488628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2536208765961456209.post-83519869467964195572016-12-20T09:23:00.002-08:002016-12-25T07:36:03.360-08:00<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><u><b>Winter Vacation Home Work (December 2016)</b></u></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Subject: Maths </span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Task : Design a system to protect an egg from cracking or breaking from high fall</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><u><b>SOFT LANDING:</b></u></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">1.<u> IDENTIFY THE PROBLEM AND BRAINSTORM:</u></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> How will you make a frame that holds the egg?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> How will you attach balloons to your frame?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> How should you arrange the airbags to absorb shock?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">2. <u>DESIGN AND BUILD:</u></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Use the materials to invent your own design.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">3. <u>MATERIALS (PER LANDER):</u></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> 2 hard boiled eggs</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> 10 nine-inch balloons</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> 10 craft sticks</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> 8 small (i.e., ¾ inch) binder </span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">clips</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> 20 assorted rubber bands</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> 2 small paper cups </span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">(3-ounce)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> Tape (any kind)</span><br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> 1 meter (39 inches) string</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<u style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: x-large;"><b>WORDS TO USE:</b></u></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> Force: A push or a pull </span></div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Shock Absorber: Absorbs </span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">the energy of an impact</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">4. <u>TEST:</u></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> Drop your lander from a h</span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">eight of 1 meter (39 inches).</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> Watch how it bounces and rolls. Did the egg break?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">5. <u>EVALUATE AND REDESIGN:</u></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> How well did the egg stay in the frame? </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> How well do the balloons stay together to protect the egg on all sides?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">6. <u>TRY THIS NEXT!:</u></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> Drop the lander from 2 meters (78 inches). How high can you go?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> Add a parachute or other system to slow the lander before it hits</span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">the ground.</span><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><u><b>NASA EXPLORES SPACE:</b></u></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">This picture shows NASA engineers testing an airbaglanding</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">system on Earth. Three rovers have used this</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">system to land safely on Mars. As they approach</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Mars, they’re going about 20,000 kilometers (12,000</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">miles) per hour. Thanks to a parachute, heat shield,</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">and rockets, the airbag-wrapped rovers hit the surface</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">going about 80 kilometers (50 miles) per hour. One</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">bounced as high as a five-story building. Then after</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">15 bounces, it stopped rolling, the airbags deflated,</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">and the mission began.</span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">The Curiosity rover is on Mars, studying the Martian</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">climate and geology and looking for substances</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">associated with life. Curiosity is the size of a small car.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">It is so big and heavy—about five times larger than</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">earlier rovers—that it couldn’t use an airbag-landing</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">system. Instead, it used a rocket-propelled sky-crane</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">that lowered it gently to the surface.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">WRITTEN BY HAMZA fAROOQ </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">JUNOIR BOYS RUMI</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">12/20/2016</span><br />
<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09557086693974488628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2536208765961456209.post-75129235303494928282016-12-18T10:44:00.001-08:002016-12-25T07:39:15.307-08:00<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Bibliography On Theodore Boone </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;">Theodore Boone : Kid Lawyer known as Theodore Boone: Young Lawyer in United Kingdom is 2010 legal thriller and the first novel by John Grisham for middle grade children (8-13 years old). It is the first series about Theodore Boone ,Grishem jokingly said that he wanted to catch up with Harry Potter, since the number one place was taken in best sellers. The book centers of murder of Myra Duffy. Her husband Pete Duffy is on a trail for murdering her as they had dollar life insurance. Theodore knows an illegal immigrants who knows the truth, but he is too scared to come forward in case of being arrested. Theodore Boone: The Abduction (2011) is the second book that he has written for 8-13 years old. The third book is called Theodore Boone : The Accused , and went on sale on may , 15,2012. The fourth book is called Theodore Boone : The Fungitive is now on the market as of may,12,2015.</span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><b><i><span style="color: #252525; font-size: 14pt;">Theodore
Boone: Kid Lawyer</span></i></b><span style="color: #252525; font-size: 14pt;">,
known as<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><b><i>Theodore Boone:
Young Lawyer</i></b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>in the UK,
is a 2010<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_thriller" title="Legal thriller"><span style="color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">legal thriller</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: #252525; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></span><span style="color: #252525; font-size: 14pt;">and the<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debut_novel" title="Debut novel"><span style="color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">first novel</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: #252525; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></span><span style="color: #252525; font-size: 14pt;">by<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Grisham" title="John Grisham"><span style="color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">John Grisham</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: #252525; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></span><span style="color: #252525; font-size: 14pt;">for middle grade children (8-13 year
olds).</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Boone:_Kid_Lawyer#cite_note-1"><sup><span style="color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[1]</span></sup></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: #252525; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></span><span style="color: #252525; font-size: 14pt;">It is the first in a series about<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">Theodore Boone</span><span style="color: #252525; font-size: 14pt;">.
Grisham jokingly said in an interview that he wanted to catch up with Harry
Potter, since his number one place was taken in the bestsellers.</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Boone:_Kid_Lawyer#cite_note-2"><sup><span style="color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[2]</span></sup></a></span></span><br />
<div style="background: white; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt;">
<span style="color: #252525; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">The
book centres on the murder of Myra Duffy. Her husband, Pete Duffy is on trial
for murdering her as they had million dollar life insurances. Theo knows an
illegal immigrant who knows the truth, but he is too scared to come forward in
case of being arrested.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><i><span style="color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">Theodore Boone:
The Abduction</span></i><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: #252525; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></span><span style="color: #252525; font-size: 14pt;">(2011) is the second book in the
series of Theodore Boone. It is written by John Grisham and is the second book
that he has written for 8-13 year olds. The third book is called<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Boone:_The_Accused" title="Theodore Boone: The Accused"><span style="color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">Theodore Boone: The Accused</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: #252525; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></span><span style="color: #252525; font-size: 14pt;">and went on sale on May 15, 2012. The
fourth book "</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Boone:_The_Activist" title="Theodore Boone: The Activist"><span style="color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">Theodore Boone: The Activist</span></a><span style="color: #252525; font-size: 14pt;">", came out May 21, 2013. The
fifth book "</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Boone:_The_Fugitive" title="Theodore Boone: The Fugitive"><span style="color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">Theodore Boone: The Fugitive</span></a><span style="color: #252525; font-size: 14pt;">", is now on the market as of
May 12, 2015.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span class="tgc"><span style="background: white; color: #222222; line-height: 115%;">In</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white; color: #222222; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="tgc"><b><span style="background: white; color: #222222; line-height: 115%;">THEODORE
BOONE: THE ABDUCTION</span></b></span><span class="tgc"><span style="background: white; color: #222222; line-height: 115%;">, Grisham paints a
vivid picture of a desperate young girl trapped in an unstable home
environment. Through Theo, he brings to light the dilemmas teenagers face
between being honest with their parents, keeping a confidence, and doing what
is right. </span></span><span class="d8e"><span style="background: white; color: #777777; line-height: 115%;">Jun 6, 2011 <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 16pt;">Theodore Boone: The Accused</span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 16pt;">. John Grisham's third <b>Theodore Boone</b> story
finds the clever eighth grader attending a trial for a man <b>accused</b> of
killing his wife. <b>Theodore</b> gets the last seat at the media-filled
event only to learn that the suspect has run away. He marvels that someone
could spend his life on the run. </span><span style="color: #777777; font-size: 12pt;">Jun 1, 2012<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span class="tgc"><b><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 14pt;">Theodore Boone: The Activist</span></b></span><span class="tgc"><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 14pt;">.</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></span><span class="tgc"><b><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 14pt;">Theodore Boone</span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></span><span class="tgc"><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 14pt;">is back, and he's facing his most
dangerous case yet. As Stratten burg sits divided over a hot political and
environmental issue, Theo finds himself in the middle of the battle. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #181818;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Theodore Boone: The Fungitive:</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #181818; font-size: 14pt;">Theo thought the danger</span><b><span style="color: #181818; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></b><span style="color: #181818; font-size: 14pt;">had passed, but he’s about to face off against an old adversary:
accused murderer and fugitive Pete Duffy.</span><span style="color: #181818; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: #181818; font-size: 14pt;"><br />
On a field trip to Washington, DC, Theo spots a familiar face on the Metro:
Duffy, who jumped bail and was never seen again. Theo’s quick thinking helps
bring Duffy back to Stratten burg to stand trial. But now that Duffy knows who
he is, Theo</span><span style="color: #181818; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: #181818; font-size: 14pt;"> is in greater
danger than he’s ever been in before. Even when everything is on the line,
Theodore Boone will stop at nothing to make sure a killer is brought to
justice. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09557086693974488628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2536208765961456209.post-15007184397445625952016-12-15T04:53:00.000-08:002016-12-20T09:25:23.706-08:00Script On BlogSpot<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Asalam - o - Aalaikaum , my name is Hamza Farooq. Today i will tell you about my blog. My first journey began on blogger. In school Affan Hyder told us about how to use blogger, then on next day i started to write something interesting.So my first blog was travel to Dubai. Then i wrote two more blogs, and i got in trouble that Sir Madni told me that you had copied the text from somewhere. Our task was to witeonLife In Madinah first year to eleventh year of hijrat. So i wrote on Life In Madinah first year to eleventh year of hijrat. Sir Madni was suprised that you wrote the first year of Hijrat to the eleventh year of Hijrat. Then i used some gadgets , and that was showing that total page views. My another blog was that journey to the center of the earth. At last but not the least i wrote a blog on Lynda La Plante ( the little one). Then Sir Madni request to remove this blog. I removed this blog because sir madni said to me. So today i didn't complete the life of madina , so i complete that in 5 minutes. I wrote one more blog , and the name of that blog was Some Outstanding Qualities Of Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H). I describe about the five qualities of Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H). and the five qualities of Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) are: </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">(1) Honesty and Truthfulness</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">(2) Humility</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">(3) Forgiveness</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">(4)Fulfilment Of Promises</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Also these are my L2L friends blogs. you can visit L2L page and find the page L2L young blogger.There you can visit each one's blog.And i request to visit those blogs and give some comments. And you can visit my blogspot for more details</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><a href="http://hhamzafarooq.blogspot.com/">hhamzafarooq.blogspot.com</a></span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09557086693974488628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2536208765961456209.post-27379971313516895702016-12-13T22:49:00.001-08:002016-12-15T06:03:45.970-08:00Some Outstanding Qualities Of The Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H)<span style="font-size: large;">SOME OUTSTANDING QUALITIES OF THE HOLY PROPHET (P.B.U.H )</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;">(1) <b><u>Honesty and Truthfulness</u></b>: The Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) proved by his example that he was the most honest and truthful person, and all the people in Makkah acknowledge this fact. He was a poor orphan and fair in dealing people, he came to be known as SADIQ-UL-AMEEN(Truthfull and Trustworthy). Every one called him by his name.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">(2)<u> <b>Humility</b></u>: The Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) was a very humble person. He lived humbly all his life never boosted of his social or political status even after his success at Madinah. There are many incidents of his humility reported by his companions and recorded in history books. Hazrat Anas said that when Allah's messenger used to visit the sick ,accompany funerals and accept the invitation of slaves.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">(3) <u style="font-weight: bold;">Forgiveness</u>: A great quality of Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) was that he never took revenge from anyone ,and always even hid bitterest enemies. Hazrat Aisha said that Allah's Messenger never return evil for evil, but would always forgive and pardon. The Quraish rebuked him, taunted and mocked at him, beat him and abuse him. They even try to kill him. When the persecution and aggression of the Quraish became unbearable, his companions requested him to curse them, but the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) said: " O Allah ! Forgive my people for they know not ."</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09557086693974488628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2536208765961456209.post-63383472023005533722016-12-12T23:38:00.000-08:002016-12-18T09:19:50.693-08:00Travel To Dubai<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red;">TRAVEL TO DUBAI</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">It was our time to travel from Pakistan to Dubai. We were very exited about the flight to Dubai. our travelling date was 14October 2016 , and the time was 2:00 pm . We arrived 4:00pm. For the first time i went inside the Karachi Airport.It was a nice place. At 2:00 am we were in the airplane.And guess what?, the name of that plane was "Emirates" Our journey time was about 2 hours to land on Dubai Airport. We enjoyed the flight by eating our new snacks and drinks.Then we finally arrived at Dubai Airport. It was enormus but World's bussiest airport in dubai. We were confuser how to get out of this biggest airport.When we got out from this airport. So our brother standing and waiting for us.When i saw him i was excited.When we entered parking area we our car FORTUNER. I was like totally shocked.We went to Alain Hotel. I has totall 15 floors or more than 15 floors. We went inside the Alain Hotel. fully air conditioned and nicely decorated. On the first floor there was a classic jym , classic room with air conditioner. And we went to mall of Emirates, Dubai mall, Ibn-E-batuta mall, Dragon Mart, Jumaira Lake Towers,Callefour. We met abdullah and immad. It was my wonderful day. I buy a cap TOPE. I enjoyed at desert safari with my family in a luxurious car named Nissan Petrol. </span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09557086693974488628noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2536208765961456209.post-63182753580232523572016-11-27T03:48:00.000-08:002016-12-13T22:25:57.224-08:00<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Prophet Mahammad (P.B.U.H) The Model Of Exellence (100 to 150) words </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: medium;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: medium;">The Model Of Exellence is based on Prophet Mahammad (P.B.U.H) . Prophet Mahammad (P.B.U.H) was a good person .He talk to elders politly and never used foul languages. The Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) was the greatest reformer in the entire history of the world. He was emblem of all the best virtures and exellance qualities that we can imagine. He was blessed with attributes of mercy , tolerance , forgiveness , love , compassion , truthfullness , piety , righteousness and steadfastness to the degree of perfection. The Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) at the same time left indelible marks in various other capacities such as acting as a leader, statesman, administer, commander of the army, arbitutor and the supreme lawgiver. He also lived a succesfull life as a loving husband, a caring father and an absolutely reliable friend. The Holy Quran bears wtness to these great qualities of the Holy Prophet ( P.B.U.H) at many places. The Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) as a symbol of steadfastness an patient perservation. He never told a lie and known as SADIQ-UL-AMIN means truthful and trustworthy.He caused to no one ; rather he suffered hardship for the sake of others. He kept away himself from the trible fueds , rivalries and foremost in bringing about the reconciliation amoung enemies. Thus, the personality of the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) may be compared to be a becon of light in midst of the dark and dismal surroundings. </span></span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09557086693974488628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2536208765961456209.post-49611290172765632772016-11-13T02:36:00.002-08:002016-12-12T23:48:02.265-08:00<h4 style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">AN ACCIDENT</span></h4>
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<li><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">A Road Accident </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> a Road Accident</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">The Dangers Of Traffic In Our Country</span></li>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">(1) Outline of this essay:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">this essay can be written in Factual essay or as an Imaginative essay.According it's outlines will be different for these two kinds.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">(2)Outline of Factual essay:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">(1)When and where the accident take place</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">(2)Causes of road accidents</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">(3)Loses suffered by accidents</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">(4)Remedies to stop the occurrence of accidents</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">These outlines or main points of the essay should not be written in examination answer copy.They should be written in pencil on the last page and rubbed off after writing the essay.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> </span><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> </span><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"> <span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">As suggested earlier one point can be developed into one paragraph and minimum five sentences can be easily written in each paragraph.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">(a)Factual Essay number#1 "An Accident" </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"> First Paragraph (about the location of accidents)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">In every day's newspapers we read about the road accidents.These accidents occur in all the big towns and cities throughout the world.However, the number of road accidents which occur in the big cities of Pakistan specially Karachi and Lahore is unfortunately very large.In addition to these accidents on the roads of the cities many accidents occur on the National Highways and on the mountainous roads in the Northern areas of Pakistan leading Afghanistan, Azad Kashmir, Quetta, and Sinkiang, Province of China (Karakorum road). Thus there are a large number of dangers of traffic in our country.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Second Paragrph (about the causes of road accidents) </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">Although it is difficult to stop the accidents totally but to minimise their occurence we should know first their causes. In the cities they occur due to rash driving at the peak hours, and mostly because of ruthlessly overtaking the vehicles and then having headlong collisions with the cars etc.,coming from the opposite direction.Further due to negligence of traffic signals both by the drivers of vehicles and the pedestrians also many accidents take place.In Karachi the teenagers play cricket on the roads and create a great problem for the road traffic. </span></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09557086693974488628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2536208765961456209.post-21683951353270446522016-11-09T21:47:00.001-08:002016-12-14T23:16:26.087-08:00<div class="content" style="color: #393939; position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;">
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Life in Madinah</span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><strong style="line-height: 1.42857em;"><span data-mce-style="text-decoration: underline;" style="line-height: 1.42857em; text-decoration: underline;">First year of </span></strong><strong style="line-height: 1.42857em;"><span data-mce-style="text-decoration: underline;" style="line-height: 1.42857em; text-decoration: underline;">hijrat</span></strong><strong style="line-height: 1.42857em;"><span data-mce-style="text-decoration: underline;" style="line-height: 1.42857em; text-decoration: underline;"> (624 AD)</span></strong></span></h3>
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<li style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Mosque of holy prophet </span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Azan</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Settlement of Muhajirin</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Treaty with jews</span></li>
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<strong style="line-height: 1.42857em;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">1. Mosque of holy prophet</span></strong></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">this was the first important thing that holy prophet did. The land for the mosque was bought from two orphans and Holy prophet with his companions worked very hard to complete the construction of the mosque. This mosque was known as "Mosque of holy prophet" or as <span data-mce-style="background-color: #fffaa5; -evernote-highlight: true;" style="background-color: #fffaa5; line-height: 1.42857em;">masjid-e-</span><span data-mce-style="background-color: #fffaa5; -evernote-highlight: true;" style="background-color: #fffaa5; line-height: 1.42857em;">nabawi</span>.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">The walls of mosque were made of unbaked bricks and the roof of mud and date palm leaves, trunks of date palm trees were used as pillars.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">large platform was made in the corner with thatched roof. This is known as <span data-mce-style="background-color: #fffaa5; -evernote-highlight: true;" style="background-color: #fffaa5; line-height: 1.42857em;">Suffah</span>. It became a training center of Islamic education and also shelter for poor Muslims.</span><br />
<strong style="line-height: 1.42857em;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Importance</span></strong></div>
<ul style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0.2857em 0px 0.714285em 2em; padding: 0px;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7tErbIFeDigc-NgycXfTnpgaiCPAJcqRcHovu9nWJP1Q8VvAsnCEzUYoEILjCK17P6aUCTfODkq1jAI6JndRPUOsbU5WNR6OpWeO64Q9GzabZ_lI_Ke19doCLYUCYYShztbuBzOV4gx0/s1600/images.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; color: #954397; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><img border="0" height="198" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7tErbIFeDigc-NgycXfTnpgaiCPAJcqRcHovu9nWJP1Q8VvAsnCEzUYoEILjCK17P6aUCTfODkq1jAI6JndRPUOsbU5WNR6OpWeO64Q9GzabZ_lI_Ke19doCLYUCYYShztbuBzOV4gx0/s1600/images.jpg" style="background: transparent; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid transparent; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="320" /></span></a>
<li style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Muslims now had a place of worship in congregation</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">this mosque became center of education</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">mosque was also social community center where Muslims would gather</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">it was also a military center as all disscusion were made here</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">it also initially served as a court as the legal matters were also decided there</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">the mosque had house of holy prophet attached to it</span></li>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVruTNbVdb1-2AA6AS2oWRwLZkY-CI1xmEOBy8-ZWDGTr3TE0JbU_XLpokNAY3-AT03FDj-Wg_8zT8fJUqreEFpvQtt2A7WyWr45CgdbaDjilN437WJBpYs4fop33Ckem-YXWHwKl9P6s/s1600/azan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; color: #954397; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVruTNbVdb1-2AA6AS2oWRwLZkY-CI1xmEOBy8-ZWDGTr3TE0JbU_XLpokNAY3-AT03FDj-Wg_8zT8fJUqreEFpvQtt2A7WyWr45CgdbaDjilN437WJBpYs4fop33Ckem-YXWHwKl9P6s/s1600/azan.jpg" style="background: transparent; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid transparent; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" /></span></a><br />
<strong style="line-height: 1.42857em;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">2. Azan (call for prayers) </span></strong><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">In order to call Muslims for offering congregational prayers Azan was introduced, as suggested by Hazrat Umar. Hazrat Bilal was appointed as Muezzin.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><strong style="line-height: 1.42857em;"><br /></strong><strong style="line-height: 1.42857em;"><br /></strong><strong style="line-height: 1.42857em;"><br /></strong><strong style="line-height: 1.42857em;"><br /></strong><strong style="line-height: 1.42857em;"><br /></strong><strong style="line-height: 1.42857em;"><br /></strong><strong style="line-height: 1.42857em;">3. Settlement of </strong><strong style="line-height: 1.42857em;">Muhajirin</strong></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Muslims in madinah were of two categories one who migrated from Makkah to madinah were known as Muhajirin and second were Ansar who belonged to madinah and gave shelter to emigrants (muhajirins).</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Holy prophet established brotherhood between these two groups, he told ansar that muhajirins are in need of help and they should help them, ansars accepted and gave muhajirins place to live in their houses and treated them as brothers.</span><br />
<strong style="line-height: 1.42857em;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Importance</span></strong></div>
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<li style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">it was to help the people who had migrated</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">it was an attempt to increase unity among muslims</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">it was to avoid growth in ecnomic class system in Islamic state</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">it was also to set an example for the leaders that how they should rule their people by binding then in bond of brotherhood</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">it was also to convey the universal concept of brother hood</span></li>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"><strong style="line-height: 1.42857em;">4</strong><strong style="line-height: 1.42857em;">. Treaty with </strong><strong style="line-height: 1.42857em;">Jews</strong></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">There were three major tribes of Jews: Banu Qainaiqa, Banu nazir and Banu Quraiza.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Holy prophet realized that foundation of Islamic empire would be very weak without the support of all people of madinah. Particularly Muslims had threat from Quraish. Then holy prophet called Muslims and Jewish tribes for a consultation. He invited them to consider any system for safety of madinah. After exchange of views agreement reached equal rights. It stated that the Muslims and Jews were allies and would help each other and in case of attack on madinah both would defend it.</span><br />
<strong style="line-height: 1.42857em;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Importance</span></strong></div>
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<li style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">the holy prophet was able to prevent the rise of hostility between Muslims and Jews the way it had been in Makkah between Muslims and quraish.</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">this set an example for Muslims that how they can set peace between non muslims under their rule</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">the treaty gave Muslims hope as both Muslims and Jews would defend madinah if any attack was done on madinah</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">the status of holy prophet was raised quiet high as he was recognized as undispute leader by the people of madinah</span></li>
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<span style="line-height: 1.42857em;"><span data-mce-style="text-decoration: underline;" style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large; line-height: 1.42857em; text-decoration: underline;"><b>Second Year of Hijrat (625 AD)</b></span></span></h3>
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<li style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 1.42857em;">Four orders (Fasting, </span><span style="line-height: 1.42857em;">Zakat</span><span style="line-height: 1.42857em;">, Change of </span><span style="line-height: 1.42857em;">qibla</span><span style="line-height: 1.42857em;">h and Permission of Jihad)</span></span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 1.42857em;">Battle of </span><span style="line-height: 1.42857em;">Badar</span></span></li>
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<strong style="line-height: 1.42857em;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">1. Orders</span></strong></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">i. Fasting</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Fasting in the month of Ramadan was made obligatory on all adult Muslims in second year of hijrat.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Words of Quran: "<em style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">O you who believe! Fasting is prescribed to you as it was prescribed to those before you so that you may (learn) self-resistance" (2:183)</em></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">ii. Zakat</span></span><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEio3oCLAfSuEO4fDi6str4bDulsRPTYauKZsM-IoZQhn6NQnjzgOwlJP4_SumLo9aaURr63_tdM1uROcPMLTiRAlBkHHbDRLSEcyg_UrB9ILZUp-p2EM0nKyurnXyzkBCnG-kttpHHwYyQ/s1600/zakat-jpg.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; color: #954397; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><img border="0" height="179" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEio3oCLAfSuEO4fDi6str4bDulsRPTYauKZsM-IoZQhn6NQnjzgOwlJP4_SumLo9aaURr63_tdM1uROcPMLTiRAlBkHHbDRLSEcyg_UrB9ILZUp-p2EM0nKyurnXyzkBCnG-kttpHHwYyQ/s1600/zakat-jpg.jpg" style="background: transparent; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid transparent; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="200" /></span></a><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">The payment of zakat was also made obligatory on all rich Muslims, following words describe it "<em style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">And spend </em><em style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">of your</em><em style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">substance in</em><em style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> the cause of Allah,... do good: for Allah </em><em style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">loveth</em><em style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> those who do good." (2:195)</em></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">iii. Change of Qiblah</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Qiblah is the direction where Muslims turns their faces while offering prayer. In Makkah Muslims used to face Masjid Al-Aqsa and they did same in madinah for over 16 months. In2 A.H. while holy prophet was leading <span data-mce-style="background-color: #fffaa5; -evernote-highlight: true;" style="background-color: #fffaa5; line-height: 1.42857em;">Asr</span> prayers he was ordered to face towards ka'abah, this became the religious center for Muslims.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 1.42857em;"><br /></span><span style="line-height: 1.42857em;">iv. Permission of Jihad</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Jihad is struggle in the way of Allah or to express struggle against one's evil inclinations or exertion for the sake of Islam and the Muslim Ummah.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZwbU6c9egJLEBezyobD8mbAZblYfNtq7AFylxU9agvhdzfqOWtK_ravmlEQ_aupyfWLJBzfXqMexjieTDkJxslZfdmFQgDr43YcZBprjufKFxd532UPbmkiAaEReZ7ikpkVdfVN8NIjw/s1600/badr-place-angels-came-from.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; color: #954397; line-height: 1.42857em; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZwbU6c9egJLEBezyobD8mbAZblYfNtq7AFylxU9agvhdzfqOWtK_ravmlEQ_aupyfWLJBzfXqMexjieTDkJxslZfdmFQgDr43YcZBprjufKFxd532UPbmkiAaEReZ7ikpkVdfVN8NIjw/s1600/badr-place-angels-came-from.jpg" style="background: transparent; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid transparent; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="320" /></span></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Badar</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><strong style="line-height: 1.42857em;"><br /></strong><strong style="line-height: 1.42857em;">2. Battle of </strong><strong style="line-height: 1.42857em;">Bada</strong><span style="line-height: 1.42857em;">r (causes and events)</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">In makkah holy prophet had only one enemy to deal with Quraish who eventually forced holy prophet to migrate from makkah. But then in Madinah He had to face three enemies firstly Quraish, secondly Jews who later started to break every treaty done with Muslims they began to intrigue and the third were Hypocrites or the Munafiqin who had acceppted islam but worked against Muslims.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Allah had already gave permission to muslims for jihad. When the holy prophet got news that Quraish was advancing to madinah to attack, holy prophet called muslims to defend there were three hundred and thirteen men with two horses and two camels. Both tribes met at Badr (a village eighty mile away from Madinah). Quraish were in thousands and well equipped, they came with huge quantity of food. On the side of muslim there was no water available. Battle began holy prophet prostrated to Allah and asked for help, suddenly huge rainfall and Muslims collected water.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Allah granted victory to Muslims. seventy Quraish were killed and seventy were taken as prisoners. Muslims lost only fourteen people.</span><br />
<strong style="line-height: 1.42857em;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Importance</span></strong></div>
<ul style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0.2857em 0px 0.714285em 2em; padding: 0px;">
<li style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">this made Muslims base stronger</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">this showed that not only equipments are necessary to win but truth can</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">holy Quran describes this day as 'day of testing' in 8:41</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Position of Muslims became stronger</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">strength of Quraish was broken</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">many unbelievers accepted Islam</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Influence of Islam and holy prophet began outside of Madinah</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">As Quran describes it sign of Allah 3:13</span></li>
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<u><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Third year of Hijrat (624 AD)</span></u></h3>
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<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Battle of Uhad</span></li>
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<b><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">1. Battle of Uhad</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">After Muslims gain victory in battle of Badr, Islam gained strong base in Madinah and importance of city began to rise. Quraish considered the rise in Muslims as threat to their political interests, they also wanted to avenge their deaths.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Quraish attacked Muslims. Why did they attacked? Because:</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYyqfzu0Geqo4pTqBNPeCiWvpEW_rN3HDTgCufB5WDxgcRW_AOr6hkbRyF_bUZifp3Tg036p3ej1UGQdcA1PHBNAFZjbbGpHlQMQBRL8Mht53_9RpE_M1iZofnKsRfKLc8mOPjfS6yC3A/s1600/Uhad.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; color: #954397; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><img border="0" height="233" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYyqfzu0Geqo4pTqBNPeCiWvpEW_rN3HDTgCufB5WDxgcRW_AOr6hkbRyF_bUZifp3Tg036p3ej1UGQdcA1PHBNAFZjbbGpHlQMQBRL8Mht53_9RpE_M1iZofnKsRfKLc8mOPjfS6yC3A/s1600/Uhad.jpg" style="background: transparent; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid transparent; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Uhad Jabal</span></td></tr>
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<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Some of Quraish people had been killed in Battle of Badr, they wanted to avenge their deaths</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">They feared that might their economic and political status come to decline.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">They did not want Muslims to get in majority </span></li>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Finally fully armed force of three thousand men left Makkah for Madinah. Holy prophet and his companions decided to meet enemies out of Madinah, three miles away from Madinah, Quraish they camped at foot hills known as Uhad. Holy prophet advanced with one thousand companions. Abdullah bin Ubbay with three hundred companions excused that holy prophet has turned down his decision of fighting. Holy prophet left with seven hundred men. Later after the fight began when archers saw enemy retreating they left their post for collecting the booty, Khalid bin Walid the head of enemies attacked from behind and Muslims were in confusion. Enemies raised a cry that holy prophet was killed, Muslims left the fight and then holy prophet called out companions to come back, now their support had increased and were rallied.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Both parties were exhausted, soon each army prepared to leave and fight ended. Ladies went to give water to wounded soldiers in battlefield.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Importance</span></b></div>
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<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Muslims realized that victory is not only their right. </span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Muslims realized they should not expect to win all battles</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">This battle showed that decision should be made when majority accepts certain decision, As done by holy prophet, he wanted to fight inside Madinah but he agreed on what others agreed</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">This battle distinguished true believers from hypocrites </span></li>
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<u><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Fourth Year of Hijrat (627 AD)</span></u></h3>
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<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Banu Nazir</span></li>
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<b><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">1. Banu Nazir</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Banu nazir tribe of Jews plotted to kill holy prophet. Holy prophet sent them massage to leave madinah in ten days, they refused and shut them selves in fortresses. Holy prophet led and army against them and laid siege to their forts. After siege of two weeks they surrendered and were exiled from Madinah.</span></div>
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<u><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Fifth Year of Hijrat (628 AD)</span></u></h3>
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<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Battle of Trench</span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Banu Quraiza</span></li>
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<b><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">1. Battle of Trench</span></b></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5dt_obr0uwkyFg3OlZnk_9UXgxogSJxjOfPTmtNTA_PEqsKDpbkfysXeyyXFnt2Ot9c5V4nfvzPaMrFiIMGOlssgrjlmVCp5vlPjXzBT_HLLPqOccX7y-4RS3Z_lMsZBhp5UP7iFOGHY/s1600/Trench.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; color: #954397; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><img border="0" height="204" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5dt_obr0uwkyFg3OlZnk_9UXgxogSJxjOfPTmtNTA_PEqsKDpbkfysXeyyXFnt2Ot9c5V4nfvzPaMrFiIMGOlssgrjlmVCp5vlPjXzBT_HLLPqOccX7y-4RS3Z_lMsZBhp5UP7iFOGHY/s1600/Trench.jpg" style="background: transparent; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid transparent; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">An example of Trench</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">After battle of Uhad Muslims were able to regain their former position, Quraish were worried about increasing power in Muslims was threat to their Political status.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Jewish tribe Banu Nazir kept plotting against Muslims they asked for help from Quraish and the agreed to support them they also gain support of Ghatafan and some other tribes. With an army of ten thousand men under the command of Abu Sufyan, the marched to Madinah. Holy prophet called companions, Hazrat Salman Farsi (one of the companions) advised to dig a trench, three sides of Madinah were safe because of population and oasis, the fourth side was unsafe it was syrian route. Holy prophet agreed to dig a trench on the side it was open to attack. Banu Quraiza also broke treaty with Muslims and turned against then, this battle is also called <b>battle of Ahzab. </b>The siege last for a month in which Muslims need to face hunger, coldness and attacks by enemies. Allah is always there for believers, one night a blast of cold wind came it blew enemies tents and their fire were extinguished. Sever sand and rain beat in their faces, enemies withdrew in utter confusion. Muslims gained victory.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Importance</span></b></div>
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<ul style="line-height: 1.4; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em;">
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">it was the last battle between Muslims and Quraish which resulted into the complete destruction of Quraish as they were never able to recover from this defeat.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">it exposed the Jewish tribe of Banu Quraiza which had openly joined Quraish </span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">battle proved to be in favor of Muslims </span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">the confidence of Muslims was regained as they saw the devine support given to them in form of storm</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">many tribes saw growing power of Islam they either accepted Islam or offered alliance with the Muslims</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Quran contain number of references about this battle</span></li>
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<b><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">2. Banu Quraiza</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Banu Quraiza was a Jewish tribe, in violation of agreement signed with holy prophet, had helped the enemies of Islam in battle of Ahzab. Holy prophet therefore advanced against their fortresses and surrounded them. the siege continued for about a month after which Banu Quraiza surrender.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<h3 style="margin: 0px; position: relative;">
<u><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Sixth year of Hijrat</span></u></h3>
<div>
<ol>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Treaty of Hudaibiya </span></li>
</ol>
<div>
<b><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">1. Treaty of Hudaibiya</span></b></div>
</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiv-iT12Cra8adSb1X8X5Fbw-dYmayKQ5n3_7GI9MBttsFq7UbuLi9vVnb4msIo9Eiy4gqhnTSy-BQ9Tzt56oh8kdg5ffLHZWXBEEvcvXZqp5IBOwvweGtWUvRti_2m_eA35QNOccLk9wA/s1600/hudaibiya.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; color: #954397; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiv-iT12Cra8adSb1X8X5Fbw-dYmayKQ5n3_7GI9MBttsFq7UbuLi9vVnb4msIo9Eiy4gqhnTSy-BQ9Tzt56oh8kdg5ffLHZWXBEEvcvXZqp5IBOwvweGtWUvRti_2m_eA35QNOccLk9wA/s1600/hudaibiya.jpg" style="background: transparent; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid transparent; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Bait-e-Rizwan</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Holy prophet had a dream that he had entered a sacred Mosque at Makkah. Therefore, he decided to go Makkah to perform Umrah. Holy prophet with fourteen hundred unarmed companions set out for Makkah. Quraish did not allowed them to enter Makkah. Holy prophet therefore stopped at Makkah and sent his companion to Quraish to tell them that we are unarmed and we want to perform Ummrah. The companion didn't return then another was sent, when he also didn't came back holy prophet sent Hazrat Usman. Hazrat Usman also didn't came back rumor spread that he is killed. Then holy prophet collected all of his followers under the oasis of Rizwan. He took from them oath that they would lay down their lives in the name of Allah. This oath is known as <b>Bait-e-Rizwan</b>.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Quraish were disturbed when they heard of this they decided to sign a treaty (Treaty of Hudaibiya) with Muslims. It had following terms:</span></div>
<div>
<ol>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Muslims would return to Madinah that year</span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">They would be permitted to come for pilgrimage next year but would stay only for three days in Makkah</span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">if Quraish from Makkah would join Muslim without permission of their guardians they would be sent back, but if Muslims from Madinah went to Makkah will not be sent back</span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">there would be no fighting for ten years</span></li>
</ol>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">many of Muslims including Hazrat Usman were not happy with terms because the terms were very harsh and against the interests of Muslims.</span></div>
</div>
<div>
<b><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Importance</span></b></div>
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<ul style="line-height: 1.4; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em;">
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">peace was established between Makkah and Madinah</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">holy prophet sent letter out of Arabia so Islam was Propagated</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Quran called this victory</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Muslims got chance to visit Makkah</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">it led to conquest of Makkah</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Chance to perform Umrah</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Khyber expedition</span></li>
</ul>
<h3 style="margin: 0px; position: relative;">
<u><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Seventh year of Hijrat (630 AD)</span></u></h3>
<div>
<ol>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Massage of Islam to Kings and Emperors</span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Khyber Expedition</span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Relations Between Prophet and Jews </span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Performance of Umrah</span></li>
</ol>
<div>
<b><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">1. Massage of Islam to Kings and Emperors</span></b></div>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Now holy prophet decided to sent invitation to neighboring kings and emperors.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Among those to whom the holy prophet sent his letter were:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"><br /></span>
</span><br />
<ol>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><b>Heracuils, the roman Emperor:</b> He had read out later sent by holy prophet. Later sent to Abu Sufyan who was enemy of holy prophet, he was greatly impressed. He didn't accepted but sent a polite letter to holy prophet.</span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><b>Chosroes, Emperor of Persia: </b>He insulted holy prophets messenger and tore the letter into pieces. When holy prophet heard that he said his kingdom would soon be broken, and that happened. His own son killed him and ascended the throne but after sometime drank poison and died.</span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><b>Negus, Emperor of Abyssinia: </b>He was impressed and embraced the Islam and sent some presents to holy prophet</span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><b> Cyrus, Ruler of Egypt: </b>He treated holy prophets messenger with a great honor and sent some presents these include Hazrat Maria whom holy prophet later married and a horse name Duldul. He did not embraced Islam. </span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><b>The Rulers of Bahrain and Oman: </b>Both of them embraced Islam.</span></li>
</ol>
<div>
<b><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">2. Khyber expedition</span></b></div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Banu nazir and Jewish tribe after being exiled from Madinah kept plotting againts muslims they were supported by Ghatafan tribe and Hypocrites of Madinah.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">When they came to know about Muslims terms with Quraish they thought Muslims had got weak, they began to prepare to attack on Muslims. When Jews saw Muslims army under the command of Holy prophet at Khyber, Jews shut themselves in their seven well-guarded fortresses. Jews then from their fortresses showered arrows over Muslims, Holy prophet commanded to attack. Muslims captured all fortresses without any difficulty, but fight continued for twenty days when they reach fort Qamus which was strongest fort. Seeing Muslims army under the command of Hazrat Ali and Mahrab Jews warrior came out of the fort to fight Hazrat Ali killed him in first attack and then Jews got to surrender and Muslims captured the fort.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<div style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><strong style="line-height: 1.42857em;">3.</strong><strong style="line-height: 1.42857em;">Relations between the Prophet and the Jews</strong></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">After holy prophet came to Madinah he made agreements with Jews to defend their city. Instead of defending it they created a campaign of slander against Islam and its followers. They also contacted Quraish of Makkah against Muslims. They did not help Muslims in the battle of badr as sign in treaty, after the battle Ka'ab the leader of the Jews and propagated against Muslims. He even tried to murder holy prophet. Banu Qunaiqa (one of the three tribes of Jews) were the first to break the treaty and fought with Muslims between the periods of Battle of Badr and Battle of Uhad. Siege was enforced against Banu Qunaiqa as a result they were expulsed from Madinah. Ka'ab was executed in third year of Hijrat because of his attempts against Makkah and Madinah.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">In fourth year of Hijrat Banu Nazir tribe planned to murder holy prophet, holy prophet sent them message to leave Madinah within ten day but they refused and shut them in their fortresses after the siege of two weeks they surrendered.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">The third tribe of Jews Banu Quraiza supported Quraish in Battle of Ditch. After battle they were told to leave city but by their refuse Prophet sieged their settlements, then they surrendered and agreed on Jewish old law of the Old Testament. Their men were slain, women sold as captives and their land was divided among Muslims. In 5th A.H. the fortresses at khyber were besieged and captured by the Muslims, Jews were allowed to remain there by the contributing a share of their produce with Muslim Government. Still many Jews attempted to murder prophet but fortunately he was saved.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><strong style="line-height: 1.42857em;">Performance of </strong><strong style="line-height: 1.42857em;">Umrah</strong></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">According to treaty of Hudaibiya, Muslims can perform Umrah next year. So holy prophet told his companions to not take any arms with them and they were allowed to enter Makkah. After three days in Makkah the left for Madinah.</span><br />
<div style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><span data-mce-style="text-decoration: underline;" style="line-height: 1.42857em; text-decoration: underline;"><strong style="line-height: 1.42857em;">Eighth</strong></span><span data-mce-style="text-decoration: underline;" style="line-height: 1.42857em; text-decoration: underline;"><strong style="line-height: 1.42857em;"> Year of </strong></span><span data-mce-style="text-decoration: underline;" style="line-height: 1.42857em; text-decoration: underline;"><strong style="line-height: 1.42857em;">Hijrat</strong></span><span data-mce-style="text-decoration: underline;" style="line-height: 1.42857em; text-decoration: underline;"><strong style="line-height: 1.42857em;"> ( 631 AH)</strong></span></span></div>
<ol style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0.2857em 0px 0.714285em 2em; padding: 0px;">
<li style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Battle of Mutah</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Conquest of Makkah</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Siege to Taif </span></li>
</ol>
<div style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"><strong style="line-height: 1.42857em;">1. Battle of </strong><strong style="line-height: 1.42857em;">Mutah</strong></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">The holy prophet sent and message with a letter to Roman Emperor who was Christian. Messenger was killed at Mutah, place in Syria. Holy prophet sent and army of three thousand Muslims. One by one different leaders were sent to due to deaths. Muslims army under command of Khalid bin Walid defeated enemy.</span><br />
<div style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<strong style="line-height: 1.42857em;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">2. Conquest of Makkah</span></strong><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">After the treaty of Hudaibiya Khuza tribe joined Muslims, while Banu Bakr became ally of Quraish. One of the terms of the treaty were that neither party would fight an ally of other party. Quraish along Banu Bakr killed men of Banu Khuza. Deputation of Banu Khuza asked for the help from holy prophet. Holy prophet sent message to Quraish offering them three alternatives:</span></div>
<ol style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0.2857em 0px 0.714285em 2em; padding: 0px;">
<li style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">To pay blood money for the men of Banu Khuza.</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">To dissolve their alliance with Banu Bakr.</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">To declare that treaty of Hudaibiya stood dissolved.</span></li>
</ol>
<div style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Quraish chose third options. Muslims had no other option other than to fight. Holy prophet declared order of jihad.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Holy prophet with and army of ten thousand reach Makkah on 10th of Ramazan. Holy prophet divided his army in four groups and gave them instructions that don't attack unless they were attacked. Unit under the command of Khalid bin walid was attacked by Banu Bakr and also by some of hostile Quraish.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Before entering Makkah holy prophet announced a general pardon that people who laid down their arms would be safe and that anyone who closed the door of his house will be safe. Entry of holy prophet's army in Makkah was very peaceful. Holy prophet preformed Tawaf, after that Prophet ordered destruction of idols placed in Ka'abah by non-believers. When holy prophet came out of Ka'abah there was huge crowd of Quraish including holy prophets bitterest enemies.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Holy prophet asked them what treatment they could except at his hands. They cried out:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">"You are our noble brother"</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">On this, the Holy prophet said, "<em style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">there shall be no reproach against you this day, go, you are free!"</em></span><br />
<strong style="line-height: 1.42857em;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Importance</span></strong></div>
<ul style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0.2857em 0px 0.714285em 2em; padding: 0px;">
<li style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">It opened a new era in Islam</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">It settled struggle for supremacy in Arabia</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Prophet Muhammad's position was elevated to a paramount position.</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Many people came in crowds to embrace Islam</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.42857em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Holy prophet stayed for fifteen days in which many tribes came to embrace Islam</span></li>
</ul>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , "droid sans" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large; line-height: 20px;">3.<b>Siege to Taif</b></span></span><br />
<div>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , "droid sans" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large; line-height: 20px;">After their defeat at Hunain, Some of enemies took refuge at Taif. The Holy Prophet deputed a small army which defeated them and captured many of them. There after Holy Prophet proceeded with his army and laid seige to the fortresses in which they had taken refuge. The seige continued for twenty days after which it lifted. In 9 A.H., whole taif embraced Islam.</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , "droid sans" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large; line-height: 20px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<h3 style="margin: 0px; position: relative;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , "droid sans" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large; line-height: 20px;">Ninth Year of Hijrat (632 AD)</span></span></h3>
<div>
<ol>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , "droid sans" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large; line-height: 20px;">Tabuk Expedition</span></span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , "droid sans" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large; line-height: 20px;">Reasons of fights with Quraish </span></span></li>
</ol>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , "droid sans" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large; line-height: 20px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , "droid sans" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large; line-height: 20px;"><b>1. Tabuk Expedition</b></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , "droid sans" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large; line-height: 20px;">In 9th A.H. Holy Prophet recived information that the Roman Emperor had organised a huge army which the Emperor himself was comanding and had arravied near the frontier. Holy Prophet ordered for preprations to be made to meet his challange.</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , "droid sans" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large; line-height: 20px;">Problems were:</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , "droid sans" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large; line-height: 20px;">At that time famine in Hejaz</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , "droid sans" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large; line-height: 20px;">Scarcity of water in Madinah and surrounding areas</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , "droid sans" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large; line-height: 20px;">Intense Heat</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , "droid sans" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large; line-height: 20px;">It was the time of ripening of fruits and plucking of dates</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , "droid sans" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large; line-height: 20px;">Arms and equipments for fighting the large army of Roman Emperor was not available</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , "droid sans" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large; line-height: 20px;">For these reasons this is called Expedition of Straitness. </span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , "droid sans" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large; line-height: 20px;">Holy Prophet made an appeal for donations. On which Hazrat Usaman gave one thousand gold dinars and three hundred camels laden with grains. Hazrat Umar gave half of his cash, household and cattle and Hazrat Abu Bakr donated everything that he had, Other Arabs made excuses to not to accompanying the Muslim army.</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , "droid sans" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large; line-height: 20px;">Holy Prophet with army of thirty thousand men and encamped at Tabuk. The strength of army demoralised the Romans who dispersed without any fighting. Holy Prophet remain at Tabuk for twenty days in which number of tribes came to embrace Islam. Tabuk Expedition was last military expedition in which Holy Prophet personally took part.</span></span></div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , "droid sans" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large; line-height: 20px;"><b>2. Reasons why the Holy Prophet had to fight against the Quraish</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , "droid sans" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large; line-height: 20px;">In 2nd year of Hijrat Muslims were given permission to fight (Jihad) by Allah. Holy Prophet thought necessary to fight with Quraish in Battle of Badr if Muslims had not fought them in self-defence, the small number of Muslims would have been killed and Islam would have been wiped out from the earth forever. Quraish were the great ememies of Islam and it was necessary to put them down in order to spread Islam.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , "droid sans" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large; line-height: 20px;">Tenth Year of Hijrat (633 AD)</span></span></h3>
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<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , "droid sans" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large; line-height: 20px;">Year of deputations</span></span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , "droid sans" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large; line-height: 20px;">Farewell Pilgrimage</span></span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , "droid sans" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large; line-height: 20px;">Sermon of the Holy Prophet</span></span></li>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , "droid sans" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large; line-height: 20px;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , "droid sans" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large; line-height: 20px;"><b>1. Year of Deputations</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , "droid sans" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large; line-height: 20px;">10th year of Hijrat is called Year of Deputations because numerous tribes of Arabia came to Holy Prophet to join Allahs faith.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , "droid sans" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large; line-height: 20px;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , "droid sans" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large; line-height: 20px;"><b>2. Farewell Pilgrimage</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , "droid sans" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large; line-height: 20px;">This was the most important event of 10th year of Hijrat. Holy prophet sent his messengers to all parts of Arabia to inform Muslims that holy prophet had invited them to accompany him to perform Pilgrimage. Holy prophet left Madinah on the 25th of Ziqad, 10 A.H., in the company of one hundred fourteen thousand of his followers; all his wives accompanied him.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , "droid sans" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large; line-height: 20px;"><b>3. Sermon of The Holy Prophet</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , "droid sans" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large; line-height: 20px;">holy prophet gave his last sermon on Plain of Arfat on Jabal-e-Rehmat. His last sermon highlighted the rights of womens status and how to treat them, he explained it to people.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , "droid sans" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large; line-height: 20px;">Holy Prophet also covered and explained Reforms about social and economic living life style.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , "droid sans" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large; line-height: 20px;">Holy prophet said that we are Adams generation , he gave message to establish brotherhood and he said that don't make differences between yourself of cast, color or status. By this message womens were given their rights and brotherhood was established. Holy prophet said this may be my last message and Hajj because I have completed my mission of spreading Islam and Allahs messages.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , "droid sans" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large; line-height: 20px;">Eleventh year of Hijrat (634 AD)</span></span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , "droid sans" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large; line-height: 20px;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , "droid sans" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large; line-height: 20px;"><b>1. Illness and Death</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , "droid sans" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large; line-height: 20px;">By the eleventh year of Hijrat, paith prevailed all over Arabia and peace was established. In the month of Safar, the Holy Prophet became ill then later he shifted to the apartment of Hazrat Aisha. After the illness of thirteen days, he breathed his last on 12th of Rabi-ul-Awwal. His age at the time of death was 63 years. He was buried in the apartment of Hazrat </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , "droid sans" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large; line-height: 20px;">Aisha.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace; font-size: large;">Awesome Inc. template. Template images by <a href="http://www.istockphoto.com/googleimages.php?id=1529591&platform=blogger&langregion=en" style="color: #954397; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Colonel</a>. Powered by <a href="https://www.blogger.com/" style="color: #954397; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Blogger</a>.</span></div>
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